Search results for "Gender bias"

2021

Scholarly journals are often blamed for a gender gap in publication rates, but it is unclear whether peer review and editorial processes contribute to it. This article examines gender bias in peer review with data for 145 journals in various fields of research, including about 1.7 million authors and 740,000 referees. We reconstructed three possible sources of bias, i.e., the editorial selection of referees, referee recommendations, and editorial decisions, and examined all their possible relationships. Results showed that manuscripts written by women as solo authors or coauthored by women were treated even more favorably by referees and editors. Although there were some differences between…

Guía para la incorporación de la perspectiva de género en la docencia en Sociología, Economía y Ciencias Políticas

2019

Sociology has constructed a male worldview that entails a biased interpretation of social reality. For its part, the traditional economy has made invisible the dependence of the commercial sphere of the domestic sphere. And in the field of political science, we also find many gender biases in basic concepts such as justice, equality or citizenship. This article, based on the work done by the authors in the Guia per a una docència universitària amb perspectiva de gènere de Sociologia, Economia i Ciència Política, offers some proposals, teaching resources and consultation tools to introduce the gender perspective in teaching, knowledge transfer and research in these disciplines.

Comparison of electromyographic pattern of sensory experts and untrained subjects during chewing of Mahon cheese

2002

Use of electromyography (EMG) to monitor mastication is a relatively new concept in assessing food physical and sensory properties. Although expert assessment of cheese characteristics is widely used, the effect of training in sensory analysis on mastication patterns, as assessed using EMG is not well known. Nine samples of the same Mahon cheese (60 days ripening) were given to 24 subjects (8 experts, 16 untrained) and EMG recorded for each chewing sequence. Three samples were tested in a single session by each subject, and three sessions carried out on different days. EMG was recorded from four masticatory muscles for each subject. From EMG records the following was extracted: number of ch…

Bodies in the early childhood education classroom: a Bourdieusian analysis of curricular materials

2019

To our knowledge, no studies have used Bourdieu's theoretical contributions to frame investigations on how early childhood education (ECE) teaching materials construct body differences in a way that justifies gender inequality. For Bourdieu, the power to classify and grant properties and signs to subjects, does not reside only in the power to impose, but also in the degree to which the vision is anchored within reality. Therefore, the aims of this study is to assess the representation of the body in the curricular materials of ECE classrooms in 10 public centers, by means of quantitative content analysis and to provide, using Pierre Bourdieu's theoretical framework on the construction of th…

Analysis of gender, age and disability representation in music education textbooks: A research update

2018

According to International and European Law, teachers are encouraged to analyse, challenge and to help to eliminate sexist stereotypes and distortions in curricular materials. We aimed to characterize and compare the efficacy of implementation of the gender equality-based approach in the Spanish educational system, through a content analysis of the illustrations in music education (ME) textbooks following a coding scheme constructed by the research team according to guidelines from previous studies about the depiction of women and girls in ME textbooks during two periods of Spanish democracy: before (1992–2005); and after (2006–2015). Our major findings were: (a) female characters were und…

La perspectiva de género y el papel de la universidad en el siglo XXI

2015

El artículo presenta la línea de docencia e investigación emergentes que están desarrollando las autoras. Se parte de las necesidades percibidas por el estudiantado de dos universidades: la Universidad de Valencia y de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos; y recogidas a través de un cuestionario (diseñado ad hoc y validado) y de varios grupos de discusión. La actuación del profesorado se considera elemento catalizador en la construcción de nuevas identidades profesionales y éticas capaces de responder a los retos del siglo XXI. Se exploran y señalan algunos retos para hacer posible el desarrollo de la docencia, la investigación y la gestión libres de sesgos de género. Se concluye r…

Gender Equality Perceptions of Future Engineers

2018

Gender bias is important in our society not only from the point of view of ethics and human rights but also from a pragmatic engineering point of view. Universities are aware of this issue and deve...

A framework to analyse gender bias in epidemiological research

2007

The design and analysis of research may cause systematic gender dependent errors to be produced in results because of gender insensitivity or androcentrism. Gender bias in research could be defined as a systematically erroneous gender dependent approach related to social construct, which incorrectly regards women and men as similar/different. Most gender bias can be found in the context of discovery (development of hypotheses), but it has also been found in the context of justification (methodological process), which must be improved. In fact, one of the main effects of gender bias in research is partial or incorrect knowledge in the results, which are systematically different from the real…

Enriching gender in physics education research: A binary past and a complex future

2016

[This paper is part of the Focused Collection on Gender in Physics.] In this article, we draw on previous reports from physics, science education, and women’s studies to propose a more nuanced treatment of gender in physics education research (PER). A growing body of PER examines gender differences in participation, performance, and attitudes toward physics. We have three critiques of this work: (i) it does not question whether the achievements of men are the most appropriate standard, (ii) individual experiences and student identities are undervalued, and (iii) the binary model of gender is not questioned. Driven by these critiques, we propose a conception of gender that is more up to date…

No Tickets for Women in the COVID-19 Race? A Study on Manuscript Submissions and Reviews in 2347 Elsevier Journals during the Pandemic

2020

During the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, the submission rate to scholarly journals increased abnormally. Given that most academics were forced to work from home, the competing demands for familial duties might have penalised the scientific productivity of women. To test this hypothesis, we looked at submitted manuscripts and peer review activities for all Elsevier journals between February and May 2018-2020, including data on over 5 million authors and referees. Results showed that during the first wave of the pandemic, women submitted proportionally fewer manuscripts than men. This deficit was especially pronounced among younger cohorts of women academics. The rate of the peer-rev…